What Happens If Acute Gastroenteritis Becomes Severe?

Acute gastroenteritis can range from mild to severe, depending on the level of dehydration and the body's response to the infection. When dehydration becomes extreme, symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and bloating may occur, and in serious cases, it can even be life-threatening. That's why it's crucial not to ignore the signs and seek timely medical attention when necessary.

The most common symptom of acute gastroenteritis is diarrhea. In mild cases, patients usually feel relatively well and maintain a normal appetite. They may experience bowel movements around 3–5 times a day, typically characterized by loose or watery stools. Some individuals might have mild lower abdominal pain that tends to ease after a bowel movement.

However, in more severe instances, symptoms like persistent vomiting, intense abdominal cramps, high fever, and frequent diarrhea (more than 10 times per day) can develop. Without prompt treatment, these conditions can lead to significant weakness, severe electrolyte imbalance, and further complications. In such situations, intravenous fluid therapy combined with oral rehydration solutions becomes essential to restore hydration and stabilize the body's mineral balance.

Acute gastroenteritis tends to occur more frequently during the summer and autumn months. Poor dietary choices are often the primary cause of this illness. Below are some common triggers:

Eating spoiled or improperly stored meat, seafood, leftover rice, or vegetables;

Consuming undercooked foods like beans or daylilies;

Ingesting contaminated shellfish such as crabs, snails, or crawfish;

Taking certain medications that irritate the gastrointestinal tract.

Bacterial infections—especially those caused by Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus—are among the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis. Viruses can also play a role. Maintaining good hygiene, such as washing hands before meals and after using the restroom, is vital in preventing infection. Ensuring food safety and staying properly hydrated are key steps in reducing the risk of developing this condition.