Acute Gastroenteritis Causes

Acute gastroenteritis is a common digestive system condition characterized by sudden inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It can be broadly classified into two types: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious acute gastroenteritis is primarily caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Viral infections are especially prevalent in adults, while during colder months, up to 80% of diarrhea cases in infants and young children are due to viral infections. Most cases of gastroenteritis are attributed to four main pathogens: rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. Below are the specific causes:

Bacterial infection occurs when individuals consume food or water contaminated with harmful bacteria or come into contact with someone carrying these pathogens. Common bacterial culprits include Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter.

Parasitic infection is another contributing factor. Common parasitic organisms include Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium. These parasites can be contracted through contaminated water or poor hygiene practices.

Non-infectious triggers also play a significant role. Eating raw, cold, overly hot, or highly acidic foods can irritate the gastrointestinal tract and lead to inflammation.

In addition, consuming toxic plants, mushrooms, spoiled seafood, or foods containing chemical toxins can cause acute gastric distress. Other risk factors include taking medications that irritate the digestive system, excessive alcohol consumption, food allergies—especially to shellfish—and heavy metal poisoning. These elements contribute to non-infectious acute gastroenteritis and should not be overlooked when identifying potential causes.