Lactulose Tablets for Constipation: Do They Work and What Are the Risks?

Lactulose tablets are commonly used to treat chronic constipation. The main active ingredient in these tablets is phenolphthalein, which works by stimulating the intestinal mucosa and increasing bowel motility. When taken orally, the compound reacts with intestinal fluids to form a soluble salt that helps accelerate the movement of waste through the gastrointestinal tract. This mechanism makes lactulose tablets effective for relieving persistent constipation.

However, while lactulose tablets can offer relief, they are not intended for long-term use. Prolonged consumption may lead to adverse effects such as diarrhea, which can cause significant loss of essential nutrients. In turn, this may result in conditions like anemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weakened immune function, and malnutrition.

Repeated use of lactulose tablets can also harm the digestive system itself. Continuous exposure to the stimulant may cause inflammation, erosion, or even bleeding of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Additionally, individuals—especially young women—may experience hormonal imbalances and nervous system dysfunction due to over-reliance on such medications.

Another major concern is the development of tolerance. Over time, the body may become less responsive to the effects of lactulose, leading to worsening constipation. There is also evidence suggesting that long-term use could increase the risk of melanosis coli, a condition characterized by dark pigmentation in the lining of the colon.

In summary, while lactulose tablets can provide short-term relief from constipation, they should be used cautiously and under medical supervision to avoid potential complications. Adopting healthier lifestyle habits, such as increasing fiber intake and staying hydrated, is often a safer and more sustainable solution for managing constipation.