Facial Paralysis Symptoms And Their Impact On Daily Life

Facial paralysis can manifest in different ways depending on its origin. It is generally categorized into two types: central and peripheral. Central facial paralysis is often linked to cerebrovascular diseases and may cause noticeable symptoms such as facial asymmetry, drooping at the corner of the mouth, and drooling. These symptoms typically affect the lower part of the face, while the forehead muscles remain functional.

Understanding Peripheral Facial Paralysis

Peripheral facial paralysis, on the other hand, is commonly associated with facial nerve inflammation. This type of paralysis affects the entire side of the face and may result in weakened facial muscles. Common signs include reduced forehead wrinkles, widened eye fissures, and incomplete eyelid closure. These symptoms can lead to discomfort and increased sensitivity to light due to improper eye protection.

Additional Physical Symptoms

Individuals suffering from peripheral facial paralysis may also notice a flattening of the nasolabial fold on the affected side, along with a drooping mouth corner. This can interfere with facial expressions and speech clarity. In more severe cases, patients may experience difficulty puffing out the cheeks without air leakage, food accumulation between the cheek and gums, and impaired taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Other possible symptoms include hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound), and disruptions in salivary gland function.

Diagnosis And Medical Evaluation

To accurately diagnose facial paralysis, healthcare professionals often recommend an electromyography (EMG) test to assess facial muscle response and nerve conduction studies to evaluate the speed and efficiency of nerve signals. These diagnostic tools help determine whether the paralysis is central or peripheral in nature and guide the appropriate treatment plan.

Effective Treatment Options

In the acute phase of peripheral facial paralysis, treatment typically involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve. Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) is also commonly prescribed to support nerve health and regeneration. If a viral infection is suspected as the underlying cause, antiviral medications may be added to the treatment regimen.

After the initial phase—usually around one week—rehabilitation strategies such as acupuncture, physical therapy, and facial exercises are introduced to promote recovery. These therapies aim to restore muscle function, prevent long-term complications, and improve overall facial symmetry and movement.