What To Do About Carotid Artery Stenosis

The blood supply to the human brain comes from two internal carotid arteries and the vertebral basilar artery. Among these, the internal carotid arteries provide about four-fifths of the total blood flow to the brain. If one of these arteries becomes narrowed and the collateral circulation is inadequate, it can result in reduced blood flow to part of the brain or the entire brain.

Understanding The Risks Of Severe Stenosis

When the narrowing of the carotid artery progresses beyond a critical threshold, the brain may not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, leading to serious symptoms such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or even full-blown ischemic stroke. This condition should not be ignored, as it poses a significant risk to long-term brain health and overall well-being.

When Is Surgical Intervention Necessary?

In general, if the degree of carotid stenosis exceeds 50%, especially if it's accompanied by symptoms like dizziness, vision loss, or speech difficulties, surgical treatment may be recommended. There are several effective medical approaches available to manage this condition and reduce the risk of stroke.

Available Treatment Options

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a traditional surgical procedure where plaque buildup is removed from the affected artery. This method has been widely used and proven effective for many patients with significant stenosis.

Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) is a less invasive option where a small stent is placed inside the narrowed artery to keep it open and restore proper blood flow. This is often preferred for patients who are at higher risk for open surgery.

Balloon Angioplasty involves using a small balloon to widen the narrowed section of the artery. It may be used alone or in combination with stenting, depending on the patient's specific condition.

Arterial Bypass Surgery is another option in certain complex cases where direct treatment of the narrowed artery isn't possible. This procedure reroutes blood flow around the blocked section using a graft or natural vessel.

Conclusion

Carotid artery stenosis is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Understanding the available options and working closely with a vascular specialist can significantly reduce the risk of stroke and improve long-term outcomes. Regular monitoring and lifestyle changes are also essential in managing this condition effectively.