Discharge Guidelines for Stroke Patients

Proper post-discharge care and education play a crucial role in the recovery of stroke patients. A comprehensive approach typically involves five key areas, which can significantly improve long-term outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Medication Management

Adherence to prescribed medication is essential after discharge. Patients are typically advised to continue medications such as aspirin to prevent blood clots. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor progress and adjust treatment plans. Key health indicators like blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels should be checked periodically to ensure stability and detect early signs of complications.

Nutrition and Diet Recommendations

A balanced and heart-healthy diet is vital for recovery. Patients should follow a low-sodium, low-fat, and low-sugar eating plan. Spicy foods, alcohol, and tobacco should be completely avoided. It's recommended to limit intake of fatty meats, processed foods, sugary snacks, and organ meats. Instead, patients should focus on lean proteins like fish, poultry, and legumes, along with fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains rich in fiber, vitamins, and essential minerals like iodine.

Lifestyle and Daily Living Adjustments

For patients with limited mobility, proper skin care and positioning are crucial to prevent pressure sores. It's advised to change positions every two hours and gently massage pressure areas. Keeping bedding clean, dry, and wrinkle-free helps avoid skin irritation. When moving the patient, caregivers should avoid pulling or dragging to prevent skin injuries.

Maintaining regular bowel movements is also important. Patients should develop a daily routine for elimination. In cases of constipation, mild laxatives or dietary fiber supplements may be used under medical guidance. Straining during bowel movements can increase cardiovascular strain and raise the risk of another stroke. Elevating the affected limb can also help reduce swelling and improve circulation.

Rehabilitation and Physical Activity

Consistent rehabilitation is key to regaining function after a stroke. The home environment should be clean, well-ventilated, and conducive to rest and recovery. Establishing a regular daily routine and balancing rest with physical activity is important.

Patients should engage in tailored rehabilitation exercises for both physical and speech recovery. The intensity and type of exercise should be adjusted based on individual capacity. If any discomfort or symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, or slurred speech occur during activity, it's important to stop immediately and seek medical attention. Early intervention can prevent further complications and support a safer recovery journey.