How To Determine If You Have Constipation

Constipation is a commonly seen condition in clinical practice, yet it is often overlooked. Many individuals may be suffering from constipation without even realizing it. So how do you know if you have constipation? Generally speaking, symptoms such as dry and hard stools, difficulty in passing stool, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, and reduced frequency of bowel movements are all indicators of constipation.

In medical terms, constipation can be categorized into three types: slow transit constipation, outlet obstruction constipation, and mixed-type constipation. Each type presents with different symptoms and can be diagnosed through bowel movement patterns and clinical examinations.

Slow Transit Constipation

This type refers to a slower than normal movement of intestinal contents from the proximal colon to the distal colon and rectum. As a result, stools become dehydrated, compacted, and difficult to pass. Common clinical signs include fewer bowel movements (less than three times per week), reduced urge to defecate, and hard stool consistency. This often leads to straining during bowel movements and may even cause fecal impaction. During a rectal examination, there may be no stool present or only hard masses can be felt, while the anal sphincter function remains normal.

Outlet Obstruction Constipation

This condition involves difficulty in passing stool through the rectum and anus due to physical blockage or functional issues. Symptoms typically include prolonged and difficult bowel movements, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, and feelings of rectal pressure or discomfort—even when the rectum contains a significant amount of stool. During defecation attempts, paradoxical contractions of the pelvic floor muscles may occur, where the muscles contract instead of relaxing.

Mixed-Type Constipation

As the name suggests, this type includes characteristics of both slow transit and outlet obstruction constipation. It represents a more complex form of the condition and often requires a comprehensive treatment approach.

For most people, constipation is caused by lifestyle factors such as poor diet, high stress levels, and emotional imbalances. In many cases, making healthier lifestyle choices can significantly improve or even resolve constipation. Establishing good daily habits is key to managing and preventing this issue.

Some effective strategies include:

- Consuming more whole grains, fruits, and nuts containing natural oils, while limiting spicy foods, high-fat meals, and excessive protein intake. Reducing alcohol and strong tea consumption is also beneficial.
- Drinking 1–2 glasses of warm water on an empty stomach every morning. Adding honey or drinking yogurt may help stimulate digestion.
- Developing a routine for regular bowel movements. Avoid distractions like reading, using your phone, or smoking while on the toilet.
- Practicing anal lift exercises and performing abdominal massages to promote digestive tract motility and prevent constipation.

If constipation is caused by an underlying health condition or becomes severe—such as experiencing black stools or blood in the stool—it's important to seek professional medical advice at a reputable hospital as soon as possible.

References:

[1] How many days without a bowel movement indicates constipation? [J]. Everyone's Health, 2018(01):62.

[2] Wang Zhibing. Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Constipation [J]. Practical Diagnosis and Therapy Journal, 2005, 19(11):813-816.