Neurological Examinations You Should Know About

When it comes to diagnosing neurological conditions, different diseases require specific diagnostic tests. Among the most common neurological issues are cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. To accurately diagnose these conditions, the following tests are typically recommended:

Blood Tests

Blood analysis is often the first step in evaluating a patient's overall health. This includes a complete blood count (CBC), coagulation profile, lipid panel, liver and kidney function tests, and glucose levels. These tests help assess cholesterol levels, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, clotting ability, platelet count, and homocysteine levels. Abnormal results may indicate risk factors for stroke or other neurological complications.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An electrocardiogram is used to detect heart-related issues that could contribute to neurological symptoms. For example, atrial fibrillation—an irregular heartbeat—can increase the risk of stroke. Identifying and treating such conditions is crucial in preventing further neurological damage.

Brain Imaging: CT and MRI Scans

Head CT scans are often performed first due to their speed and cost-effectiveness. They are particularly useful in detecting acute bleeding in the brain. On the other hand, MRI scans are more sensitive to ischemic changes and can detect early signs of stroke or other brain abnormalities that may not be visible on a CT scan.

Vascular Ultrasound and Angiography

Carotid Ultrasound

Carotid ultrasound helps identify plaque buildup or narrowing in the neck arteries. If further evaluation is needed, MRI angiography, CT angiography, or even digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may be performed. These advanced imaging techniques provide detailed views of the blood vessels and help determine if intervention or treatment is necessary.

Electrophysiological Testing

EEG and Nerve Conduction Studies

Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used to evaluate epilepsy and other seizure disorders. In addition, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) tests can help detect nerve damage and assess the extent of neurological injury.

Invasive Diagnostic Procedures

In more complex cases, nerve biopsies and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis may be required. These procedures are valuable tools in diagnosing conditions such as multiple sclerosis, infections, or inflammatory diseases of the nervous system.