Causes of Constipation in the Elderly and Effective Treatment Options

Constipation is a common issue among older adults, and understanding its underlying causes is essential for effective treatment. As people age, various physiological and lifestyle changes can contribute to digestive difficulties. Below are some of the primary reasons for constipation in the elderly and the corresponding treatment strategies.

Reduced Food Intake or Slowed Bowel Movements

One of the most common causes of constipation in seniors is decreased food intake or slowed intestinal motility. With age, muscle mass and physical activity levels often decline, which can lead to slower digestion. To counteract this, it's important for older adults to engage in regular, moderate physical activity. Exercise not only stimulates appetite but also promotes healthier bowel function. In cases where lifestyle adjustments aren't enough, doctors may recommend osmotic laxatives such as polyethylene glycol or lactulose. These medications help retain water in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Establishing a consistent eating and bathroom schedule can also help regulate bowel habits over time.

Presence of New Growths in the Intestine

Another significant cause of constipation in older individuals—especially those over 50—is the development of new growths in the colon, such as polyps or tumors. The risk of colorectal cancer increases with age, and symptoms like blood in the stool or changes in bowel habits should be evaluated promptly. It's generally recommended that adults over 50 undergo a colonoscopy every 2 to 3 years. This screening is particularly important given that approximately 20% of seniors may have colon polyps, which can be precursors to cancer. Early detection through regular checkups can significantly improve health outcomes.

Maintaining digestive health becomes increasingly important as we age. By addressing dietary habits, staying active, and keeping up with medical screenings, older adults can effectively manage and reduce the risk of constipation.