The Most Common Causes of Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke, a leading type of cerebrovascular accident, is most commonly caused by cardioembolism, particularly due to atrial fibrillation. In patients suffering from chronic atrial fibrillation, blood clots can form within the heart, especially in the left atrial appendage. If these clots dislodge, they can travel through the bloodstream and reach the brain, causing blockage of cerebral vessels and resulting in a potentially severe or widespread brain infarction.

Other Cardiac Sources of Embolism

Besides atrial fibrillation, other heart conditions such as rheumatic heart disease can also lead to the formation and dislodgement of emboli. These embolic particles can travel to the brain and cause cerebral infarction by blocking critical blood vessels. This type of stroke is referred to as cardioembolic stroke and is often associated with sudden onset and more severe neurological deficits.

Non-Cardiac Causes of Cerebral Embolism

Not all embolic strokes originate from the heart. In some cases, emboli can come from atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries located in the neck. When these plaques break off, they can travel to the brain and obstruct blood flow, leading to ischemic injury. Identifying the exact source of embolism is crucial for determining the most effective treatment strategy.

Treatment and Management

Anticoagulant therapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke, especially in cases involving cardioembolic origins. By preventing the formation of new clots and reducing the risk of existing clots growing or dislodging, anticoagulants play a vital role in improving patient outcomes and reducing the likelihood of recurrent stroke.