Brain Embolism: Recognizing the Warning Signs

Brain embolism occurs when a blood clot formed in the heart breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to block an artery in the brain. These clots, known as emboli, most commonly obstruct the internal carotid artery system, although in rare cases they may block the vertebral or basilar arteries.

Common Symptoms of Internal Carotid Artery Blockage

When the internal carotid artery is affected, patients may experience significant neurological symptoms. These can include slurred speech, facial drooping, and numbness or weakness in one side of the body. In more severe cases, this type of blockage may lead to confusion, drowsiness, or even loss of consciousness.

Signs of Vertebral and Basilar Artery Occlusion

Unique Symptoms of Posterior Circulation Blockage

Blockage in the vertebral or basilar arteries can cause a different set of symptoms. Patients may suffer from dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Additional signs include difficulty swallowing, coughing while drinking fluids, hoarseness, and facial numbness. In serious cases, individuals may experience weakness in both limbs or fall into a coma.

Diagnosis Through Physical Examination

A thorough physical and neurological examination plays a crucial role in identifying the location and severity of the embolism. Doctors assess motor function, speech clarity, sensory responses, and coordination to determine which area of the brain is affected. This evaluation helps guide further diagnostic testing and treatment planning.