Understanding the Treatment Options for Cerebrovascular Occlusion

Cerebrovascular occlusion, commonly known in clinical settings as cerebral infarction, is a condition that requires prompt and standardized treatment. One of the most effective therapies available is intravenous thrombolysis, which can be administered within the first 4.5 hours after symptom onset. This treatment aims to dissolve the clot and restore blood flow to the affected area of the brain.

Advanced Interventional Treatments

In cases where the occluded vessel is large, the symptoms are severe, or the patient is not a suitable candidate for intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy may be considered. This procedure can be performed within a six-hour window and is especially beneficial for patients who do not fully respond to initial thrombolytic therapy. It involves the mechanical removal of the clot using specialized devices, significantly improving the chances of recovery.

Extended Treatment Windows and Patient Selection

For patients presenting beyond the standard six-hour timeframe, advanced neuroimaging techniques such as cerebral perfusion scans can help identify those who may still benefit from thrombectomy. These scans assess the viability of brain tissue and help clinicians determine whether the patient falls within the extended treatment window. Only a small subset of patients may qualify for this approach.

Long-Term Management Strategies

Once the acute phase has passed, long-term management focuses on preventing recurrence and supporting brain recovery. The most common cause of cerebral infarction is atherosclerosis, which requires a comprehensive treatment plan including antiplatelet therapy, statin medications for lipid control, and strict management of blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.

Supportive Therapies and Rehabilitation

In addition to pharmacological interventions, therapies aimed at improving cerebral metabolism and promoting the development of collateral circulation are essential. For patients with cardioembolic strokes, anticoagulant therapy may be initiated based on individual risk factors and medical history. Early initiation of rehabilitation programs—including physical, occupational, and speech therapy—plays a crucial role in recovery and improving long-term outcomes.