How to Care for Patients with Motor Neuron Disease

As motor neuron disease progresses, patients often become bedridden and require long-term care. One of the most essential aspects of care is preventing complications associated with immobility. To achieve this, caregivers should turn the patient every two hours and gently pat their back to help prevent pressure ulcers on areas such as the sacrum and heels, as well as to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

Preventing Pressure Sores and Respiratory Complications

Regular repositioning is crucial in maintaining skin integrity and promoting circulation. In addition to turning the patient frequently, caregivers should inspect the skin daily for early signs of pressure injuries. Keeping the skin clean and dry also plays a vital role in prevention. Proper respiratory care, including deep breathing exercises and suctioning if necessary, can further help avoid complications like atelectasis or respiratory infections.

Maintaining Joint Mobility and Circulation

Passive range-of-motion exercises should be performed regularly to preserve joint flexibility and prevent contractures. These exercises help maintain muscle tone and reduce the risk of stiffness. In addition, gentle massage of the limbs can stimulate blood flow and reduce the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), especially in the lower extremities.

Nutritional Support and Feeding Assistance

As the disease advances, many patients experience difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia. In such cases, a nasogastric tube may be required to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration. The diet should be rich in protein, carbohydrates, and essential vitamins to support overall health. Liquid nutritional supplements can be used to meet caloric and nutrient needs while minimizing the risk of aspiration.

Enhancing Quality of Life Through Comprehensive Care

Beyond physical care, attention should also be given to the patient's emotional and psychological well-being. Engaging in meaningful activities, maintaining social connections, and managing symptoms such as pain or spasticity can significantly improve quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach involving nurses, physiotherapists, dietitians, and mental health professionals can provide holistic support tailored to the individual's needs.