Frontotemporal Dementia: Understanding Symptoms and Progression

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) affects more women than men, though the reason for this gender disparity remains under investigation. The disease typically begins subtly and progresses gradually over time. Approximately 50% of patients have a family history of similar neurological conditions, suggesting a possible genetic component in many cases.

Early Behavioral and Emotional Changes

In the initial stages, individuals may display increased stubbornness, irritability, and mood swings. Emotional blunting is common, with patients showing less empathy or concern for others. Depression can also be an early indicator. These subtle shifts in personality often precede more noticeable cognitive decline by months or even years.

Progressive Behavioral Symptoms

Personality and Social Conduct

As the disease advances, patients begin to exhibit significant behavioral changes. They may act inappropriately in social settings, show indifference to their surroundings, or engage in impulsive actions without considering consequences. These changes often strain personal and professional relationships.

Late-Stage Cognitive Decline

While memory loss is relatively mild compared to other forms of dementia, cognitive functions such as judgment, decision-making, and language skills deteriorate noticeably. Spatial orientation tends to remain preserved longer than other cognitive abilities.

Communication Challenges

Patients increasingly struggle with complex thinking and verbal expression. Speech becomes limited, and they may repeat phrases or echo what others say—a phenomenon known as echolalia. Eventually, individuals lose the ability to engage in meaningful conversation or process abstract concepts.