Dementia Types and Their Characteristics

Dementia is a general term for a group of brain disorders that lead to a decline in cognitive abilities. Among the various forms of dementia, two are most commonly seen in clinical practice.

Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a primary, progressive, and degenerative brain disorder that primarily affects cognitive function. This condition is characterized by the deterioration of brain neurons, enlargement of the brain ventricles, and cortical atrophy. Patients typically experience a gradual loss of memory, thinking skills, and other cognitive abilities. When dementia symptoms appear before the age of 65, it is referred to as early-onset dementia. Conversely, if symptoms develop at or after the age of 65, it is classified as late-onset dementia.

Vascular Dementia

Vascular dementia is another common type, often resulting from conditions such as multiple cerebral infarctions. When blood vessels become blocked, it can lead to ischemia and hypoxia in certain areas of the brain, ultimately causing damage to brain cells. This damage impairs cognitive function and leads to a noticeable decline in mental capabilities. The affected brain regions may lose their ability to perform specific tasks, depending on the location and severity of the vascular damage.

Summary

These two types—Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia—account for the majority of dementia cases encountered in clinical settings. Understanding the differences between them can help in diagnosing and managing the condition more effectively.