Cervical Spondylosis and Its Impact on Cerebral Blood Flow

Cervical spondylosis, particularly when associated with disc herniation and bone spur formation, can lead to compression of the vertebral artery. This compression may result in reduced blood flow to the brain, causing a range of symptoms that are often mistaken for other conditions. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Common Symptoms of Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow Due to Cervical Issues

1. Dizziness and Vertigo

One of the most common signs is dizziness, especially when rotating the head and neck. Normally, neck rotation occurs primarily between the C1 and C2 vertebrae. During such movement, the vertebral artery on one side may become compressed. For example, when turning the head to the right, blood flow in the right vertebral artery decreases, while the left compensates by increasing flow. However, if the affected artery already has limited blood flow due to compression, it may not be able to compensate when the head turns to the opposite side. This can lead to cerebral ischemia and cause vertigo. The direction of the head movement during an episode typically favors the healthy side, with the pathology located on the opposite side. Additionally, insufficient blood supply to the inner ear can cause tinnitus, hearing loss, or even deafness.

2. Headaches

Headaches are another frequent symptom, often triggered by sudden neck movements. These headaches usually occur on one side of the head, particularly in the temporal region, and may feel like a throbbing or stabbing pain. They are often accompanied by autonomic nervous system disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and excessive sweating.

3. Sudden Falls Without Loss of Consciousness

Some patients experience sudden episodes of collapse, often linked to specific head and neck positions. These episodes typically begin with a sudden feeling of dizziness or headache, followed by weakness in the lower limbs. The person may clutch their head and fall to the ground. Notably, there is no loss of consciousness, and vision or speech remains unaffected. After falling, the individual can usually stand up on their own without assistance.

4. Brain Nerve Dysfunction

When the visual cortex, brainstem, or cranial nerve nuclei experience ischemia, various neurological symptoms can arise. These may include sensory disturbances, hoarseness, difficulty speaking, and a numb sensation around the lips. In more severe cases, speech difficulties may progress to problems with swallowing. Some individuals may also experience visual impairments such as blurred vision, double vision, visual hallucinations, or even temporary blindness.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking medical evaluation is essential. Since these signs can mimic other neurological or inner ear disorders, proper imaging and vascular studies are necessary to confirm the role of cervical spine pathology in cerebral blood flow issues. Timely intervention can prevent further complications and improve quality of life.