Can Poor Brain Blood Supply Cause Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?

Poor blood supply to the brain does not directly cause benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In clinical practice, if cerebral hypoperfusion is a chronic condition, it may lead to symptoms such as dizziness and a feeling of mental fogginess. In cases of acute cerebral hypoperfusion, the dizziness can be more severe and may be accompanied by unsteadiness while walking, temporary numbness or weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, and visual field defects.

Understanding the Causes of BPPV

While the exact causes of BPPV are not fully understood, the primary mechanism involves the displacement of small calcium carbonate crystals—known as otoconia or ear stones—from the utricle into one of the semicircular canals within the inner ear. When the head moves into certain positions, these loose particles can stimulate the cupula, a sensory structure in the semicircular canals, triggering sudden episodes of vertigo that are often accompanied by a sensation of the world spinning (rotational vision). These episodes typically last less than a minute.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis of BPPV usually involves a physical examination and specific positional tests such as the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Once diagnosed, treatment primarily focuses on repositioning maneuvers like the Epley maneuver or the Semont maneuver, which aim to move the displaced ear stones back to their proper location.

Prognosis and Management

BPPV is considered a self-limiting condition, meaning it often resolves on its own over time. However, repositioning techniques can significantly reduce symptom duration and improve quality of life. In some cases, recurrence is possible, so patients may benefit from learning home-based exercises such as the Brandt-Daroff technique to manage future episodes.