Cervical Disc Herniation at Levels 4, 5, and 6: Can It Cause Cerebral Blood Flow Deficiency?

Disc herniation at the C4, C5, and C6 levels of the cervical spine can potentially lead to cerebral blood flow deficiency. Cervical spondylosis is categorized into several types, including radiculopathy, myelopathy, mixed type, and vertebral artery type. Among these, the vertebral artery type is particularly associated with impaired blood supply to the brain. The vertebral arteries, which run through the cervical vertebrae, are critical for supplying blood to the posterior circulation of the brain. When herniation occurs at the C4-C5 or C5-C6 discs, these structures may protrude into the space occupied by the vertebral artery, especially in a posterolateral direction, thereby reducing or obstructing blood flow to the brain.

Understanding the Connection Between Cervical Herniation and Brain Blood Supply

The vertebral arteries are responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to vital brain regions such as the brainstem and cerebellum. When these arteries become compressed due to disc herniation in the mid to lower cervical spine, the result can be a reduction in cerebral perfusion. This condition, known as vertebral artery insufficiency, can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, blurred vision, headaches, and even episodes of fainting or loss of balance—common signs of compromised brain circulation.

Potential Risks of Prolonged Vertebral Artery Compression

If left untreated, chronic compression of the vertebral arteries can lead to more severe complications. Prolonged disruption of blood flow may result in ischemia or infarction in the posterior regions of the brain, particularly affecting the cerebellum and brainstem. These areas control essential functions such as coordination, breathing, and heart rate, making any damage potentially life-threatening. Therefore, timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial in managing patients with cervical disc herniations that affect the vertebral arteries.

Recommended Treatment Approaches

To prevent serious neurological consequences, it is important to address the underlying cause of vertebral artery compression. Treatment options may include conservative approaches such as physical therapy, medication, and cervical traction. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the affected arteries and stabilize the cervical spine. Early intervention not only improves cerebral blood flow but also significantly reduces the risk of long-term disability or life-threatening events.