Encephalitis: Understanding the Disease, Symptoms, and Prevention

Encephalitis, also known as Japanese encephalitis, is a mosquito-borne illness transmitted primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes. This disease is most commonly seen during the summer and autumn months, particularly between July and September. It is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which leads to acute inflammation of the central nervous system — specifically affecting brain cells.

Common Symptoms of Encephalitis

Patients typically experience a sudden onset of high fever, seizures, and altered consciousness. In severe cases, individuals may suffer from epileptic fits and neurological complications. Early signs can often be mistaken for flu-like symptoms, making prompt diagnosis crucial to effective treatment.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

During a physical examination, doctors may observe positive meningeal signs and pathological reflexes. A lumbar puncture is often performed to confirm the diagnosis, which may reveal increased intracranial pressure and elevated levels of inflammatory cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Prevention and Control Measures

Since the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, it is essential to implement mosquito control strategies, especially during peak seasons. This includes using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and ensuring living spaces are equipped with proper window screens and bed nets.

Importance of Early Treatment

Timely medical intervention is critical, as the mortality rate associated with encephalitis is quite high. Even with survival, many patients may face long-term neurological complications such as cognitive impairments, motor deficits, or behavioral changes. Therefore, seeking immediate medical attention upon experiencing symptoms is strongly advised.