Is Low-Grade Fever and Headache in Children a Sign of Encephalitis?

Experiencing a low-grade fever and headache does not necessarily mean a child has encephalitis. In most cases, these symptoms could be related to a common cold. Typical cold symptoms include localized signs such as dry cough, sore throat, runny nose, and nasal congestion. General symptoms like fever, headache, irritability, and fatigue may also appear, but they are usually mild and can improve with appropriate care and rest.

How to Differentiate Between a Cold and Encephalitis

Encephalitis may begin suddenly or follow a few days of upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. It can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, runny nose, and nasal congestion—some of which are similar to the common cold. However, unlike a cold, encephalitis symptoms typically do not improve with standard treatments and may even worsen over time.

Symptoms of Infection, Toxicity, and Brain Dysfunction

Signs of infection and brain dysfunction may include fever, seizures, irritability, and a progressive decline in consciousness. Some children may also show behavioral changes, mood swings, emotional disturbances, or physical symptoms like vision problems, hearing loss, or limb weakness.

Symptoms of Increased Intracranial Pressure

In older children, elevated intracranial pressure often presents as persistent headaches and frequent vomiting. In infants, signs may include a bulging fontanelle, increased head circumference, irritability, high-pitched crying, vomiting, pale skin, cold sweats, and increased muscle tone or stiffness in the limbs.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If a child displays any of the above symptoms—especially if they are worsening—it is important to consider the possibility of encephalitis. Prompt medical evaluation and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and ensure the best possible outcome.