What Are the Symptoms of Encephalitis in Children?

Encephalitis in children can present with a range of symptoms that typically fall into two main categories: systemic infection symptoms and neurological manifestations. Recognizing these signs early is crucial for prompt treatment and recovery.

Signs of Infection and Acute Brain Dysfunction

One of the primary indicators of brain inflammation in children is a combination of infection-related symptoms and disturbances in brain function. These may include fever, seizures, irritability, and a progressively worsening state of consciousness. Initially, a child may appear lethargic or drowsy, eventually slipping into a deeper coma if the condition is left untreated. Some children may display unusual behavior, mood swings, or confusion. Others may experience physical symptoms such as muscle weakness, blurred vision, impaired hearing, or coordination problems.

Symptoms of Increased Intracranial Pressure

Another major category of symptoms involves increased pressure within the skull. In older children, this often manifests as persistent headaches and repeated episodes of vomiting. In infants, signs may include a bulging fontanelle, increased head circumference, irritability, high-pitched crying, abnormal eye movements, pallor, cold sweats, irregular or paused breathing, and stiff or rigid limbs. These symptoms are strong indicators that encephalitis may be present.

Importance of Early Detection and Medical Care

If a child exhibits any of the above symptoms, especially a combination of fever, altered consciousness, and neurological deficits, encephalitis should be considered a possibility. Parents and caregivers should closely monitor the child's condition and seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications or potentially life-threatening outcomes.