Autoimmune Encephalitis: Understanding Its Causes

Common Causes of Autoimmune Encephalitis

Infections are among the most common triggers. Viral infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), bacterial infections, and even mycoplasma pneumonia have been linked to autoimmune encephalitis. These pathogens can sometimes cause the immune system to misfire and attack healthy brain tissue.

Brain Tumors can also play a role in triggering autoimmune responses. Tumors are seen by the body as foreign tissue, and the immune system may launch an aggressive response against them, inadvertently damaging surrounding brain cells in the process.

Weakened Immune System is another contributing factor. Conditions such as chronic fatigue, poor nutrition, and lack of sleep can impair immune function, making the body more susceptible to abnormal immune reactions, including those that target the brain.

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Another important cause is paraneoplastic syndromes — immune responses triggered by existing or even undetected tumors. These syndromes can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms, including memory loss, confusion, mood changes, seizures, and even loss of consciousness. Early detection and treatment of the underlying tumor are crucial in managing these cases.