Parkinson's Disease Surgery: What You Need To Know

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely accepted surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease, particularly for patients with primary Parkinson's who have not responded well to medication alone. This procedure involves the implantation of microelectrodes into specific areas of the brain to deliver continuous electrical stimulation, helping to manage the motor symptoms associated with the condition.

Understanding The Surgical Process

Prior to the surgery, precise targeting of the brain region is conducted using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Once the target area is identified, the patient is moved to the operating room where a small incision is made on the scalp. A small hole is then drilled into the skull, allowing for the insertion of a thin, hair-like electrode into the targeted brain region.

What Happens During The Procedure?

During the electrode placement, the patient remains awake under local anesthesia so they can communicate with the surgical team. This interaction is crucial, as it allows the surgeons to monitor the patient's neurological responses and ensure the electrode is positioned accurately. Brainwave activity is recorded to further confirm the ideal treatment target.

Once the optimal target is identified, electrical stimulation is applied while observing the patient's symptoms. If there is a significant improvement in motor function, the electrode is permanently fixed in place. The next step involves implanting the stimulator device beneath the skin, typically in the chest area.

Completing The Implantation

Under general anesthesia, the surgeon connects the electrode to the stimulator via a subcutaneous wire that runs from the head, behind the ear, down the neck, and into the chest. Once the device is securely in place, it is activated to ensure proper function before the patient is taken to recovery.

Following the surgery, patients usually return to the hospital within two to four weeks for a follow-up evaluation. During this time, the stimulation settings are fine-tuned to optimize symptom control and improve quality of life.