Parkinsonism Treatment Options And Management Strategies

Parkinsonism is a neurological disorder characterized by symptoms such as muscle rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Effective treatment strategies focus on symptom relief and addressing underlying causes. The following outlines common approaches to managing parkinsonism.

Symptomatic Treatment

Medications play a key role in alleviating symptoms of parkinsonism. Commonly prescribed drugs include:

• Levodopa: This is one of the most effective medications for improving motor symptoms by increasing dopamine levels in the brain.
• Dopamine agonists: These drugs mimic the effects of dopamine and can be used alone or in combination with levodopa.
• MAO-B inhibitors: These help prevent the breakdown of dopamine, thereby prolonging its effects.

These pharmacological interventions are typically tailored to the individual patient based on symptom severity and response to treatment.

Treating Underlying Causes

1. Parkinsonism Caused by Stroke

When parkinsonism results from cerebral infarction (stroke), prompt and aggressive treatment is essential. Within the first 6 hours of symptom onset, thrombolytic therapy or mechanical thrombectomy may be performed to restore blood flow. Additional treatments include:

• Edaravone: Used to scavenge free radicals and provide neuroprotection.
• Butylphthalide: Helps improve cerebral circulation.
• Antiplatelet agents: Such as aspirin and clopidogrel, to prevent further clot formation.
• Statins: Like atorvastatin, to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques and reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.

2. Parkinsonism Due to Neurotransmitter Imbalance

In cases where parkinsonism stems from imbalances in brain neurotransmitters, treatment focuses on restoring chemical equilibrium. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine can help regulate mood and motor function by modulating serotonin levels.

3. Parkinsonism Caused by Toxins or Metabolic Disorders

When symptoms are triggered by exposure to toxins or metabolic disturbances, the primary treatment involves eliminating the source of toxicity and supporting neurological function. Patients may benefit from supplementation with vitamins B1, B6, and B12 to support nerve health and reduce symptom severity.