Jaundice In Patients With Cirrhosis: Causes And Management

Jaundice is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis and typically indicates a worsening of liver function. The primary causes of jaundice in these patients can be categorized into three types.

Hepatocellular jaundice is the most common type seen in cirrhosis patients. As liver function deteriorates due to extensive damage to liver cells, the organ's ability to process bilirubin becomes impaired, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream.

Another contributing factor is hemolytic jaundice. Cirrhosis often leads to splenomegaly and overactive spleen function, which accelerates the breakdown of red blood cells. This increased rate of hemolysis results in higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin, contributing to jaundice.

In some cases, obstructive jaundice may occur. This happens when there is a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing normal bile flow and causing bilirubin to build up in the blood. Conditions such as bile duct stones or tumors can lead to this type of jaundice in cirrhotic patients.

The presence of jaundice—especially hepatocellular jaundice—often signals disease progression and requires prompt medical attention. Treatment strategies may include therapies aimed at reducing bilirubin levels, addressing the underlying cause, and providing supportive care to protect liver function. It is crucial for patients experiencing jaundice to seek professional medical evaluation and intervention as soon as symptoms appear.