Parkinson's Disease Symptoms: Treatment Options and Medications

Parkinson's disease presents a range of symptoms that can be effectively managed through tailored medication strategies. The treatment approach varies depending on the type and severity of symptoms experienced by the patient.

Motion-Related Symptoms

One of the most recognizable symptoms of Parkinson's is tremor. In clinical settings, anticholinergic medications such as benzhexol (Artane) or amantadine are often recommended as first-line treatments. Alternatively, combination dopamine medications like Madopar (levodopa) have proven highly effective in managing tremors and other motor symptoms.

Additional Motor Symptoms

For symptoms including bradykinesia (slowness of movement), muscle rigidity, and postural instability, treatment plans are customized based on the patient's age and lifestyle expectations. Physicians may prescribe one or a combination of medications such as:

• Levodopa/Carbidopa (Madopar): A foundational treatment that helps replenish dopamine levels in the brain
• Dopamine Agonists: Including Piribedil (Trastal) or Pramipexole, which mimic dopamine's effects
• MAO-B Inhibitors: Such as selegiline and rasagiline, which prevent dopamine breakdown
• COMT Inhibitors: Like entacapone, which extends the effectiveness of levodopa

Non-Motor Symptoms

Parkinson's also affects non-motor functions, with common issues including insomnia, anxiety, loss of smell (hyposmia), and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). These symptoms typically require targeted pharmacological interventions. When medication proves insufficient, more advanced treatment options become available.

Advanced Treatment Options

For patients who no longer respond adequately to medication, deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery offers a promising alternative. This procedure involves implanting electrodes in specific areas of the brain to regulate abnormal impulses. Other surgical approaches may also be considered based on individual patient needs and disease progression.