Causes Of Epileptic Seizures
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects people of all ages, and understanding its causes can be crucial in managing the condition. Many individuals who suffer from epilepsy are often unaware of what triggered their seizures. Even if there is no family history of the disorder, seizures can still occur. Scientists are actively researching this issue and have categorized the causes of epilepsy into eight main groups: structural factors, metabolic issues, genetic predispositions, infections, poisoning, cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors, and immune-related causes.In clinical practice, structural abnormalities are among the most frequently encountered causes of epilepsy. When doctors refer to structural causes, they typically mean physical changes in the brain that can be detected through imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans. For instance, a 12-year-old child who experienced one or two episodes of absence seizures during school was referred for an MRI and EEG. The tests revealed an abnormal lesion in the temporal lobe, which was likely responsible for the seizures.
Traumatic brain injuries also play a significant role in triggering epilepsy. These injuries can occur during childhood or later in life. Childhood head injuries might seem minor at the time—like bumping the head against a wall or experiencing a slight bump—but they can lead to internal bleeding. Over time, the affected area may develop into a softening lesion, eventually causing seizures. Adults who suffer severe brain injuries due to accidents or other incidents also face an increased risk of developing epilepsy within the following decade.
Congenital conditions can also lead to seizures. Within this category, metabolic disorders are particularly notable. A significant number of epilepsy cases are linked to deficiencies in B vitamins, which can disrupt normal metabolic processes. In such cases, specific diagnostic tests can identify the deficiency, and supplementing with adequate amounts of vitamin B often stops the seizures. However, it's essential to emphasize that vitamin B supplementation should only be undertaken after a confirmed diagnosis by a medical professional.
Another external cause of epilepsy is poisoning, which can lead to central nervous system infections. Additionally, cerebrovascular diseases—such as arteriovenous malformations or cavernous angiomas—are among the leading causes of seizures. These vascular abnormalities can disrupt normal brain function and trigger epileptic episodes.
Infections like encephalitis, viral encephalitis, or meningitis can also lead to epilepsy. Furthermore, neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke, significantly increase the risk of seizures. Older adults are particularly vulnerable due to the natural degeneration of brain tissue and increased likelihood of cerebrovascular events.
If you or someone you know experiences a seizure, it is crucial to visit a reputable epilepsy center to determine the underlying cause. Most epilepsy cases have identifiable triggers or clues in the patient's medical history, such as birth complications, oxygen deprivation, or a family history of seizures. Identifying these factors early can lead to more effective treatment strategies and better long-term outcomes.