How to Provide First Aid During an Epileptic Seizure
Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent, temporary episodes of abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain. These episodes, commonly known as seizures, often resolve on their own. However, when someone nearby experiences a seizure, it's essential to know the correct steps to ensure their safety and well-being.
Stay Calm and Protect the Person
First and foremost, remain calm. During a seizure, never attempt to restrain or hold down the person by force. Doing so may lead to injuries such as dislocations or fractures. Instead, gently turn the individual onto their side to help keep the airway clear and reduce the risk of choking. Additionally, remove any hard or sharp objects—like furniture, keys, or glasses—near the person to prevent accidental injuries.
Support Breathing and Avoid Inserting Objects into the Mouth
Do not place anything inside the person's mouth, including spoons, towels, or fingers. Contrary to popular belief, a person cannot swallow their tongue during a seizure. Placing objects in their mouth may cause choking or damage to the teeth. Instead, place a soft object, like a folded piece of clothing or a pillow, under their head for protection. Loosening tight clothing around the neck and gently lifting the chin can also help maintain proper airflow.
Monitor and Record the Seizure
Keep track of the seizure's duration and characteristics. Observing how long the seizure lasts and noting specific behaviors—such as body movements or loss of consciousness—can be extremely valuable for medical professionals in diagnosing and managing the condition. Use your phone to record the episode if possible, as this can provide critical information to doctors.
Post-Seizure Care
Once the seizure subsides, help the person into a comfortable and stable position, ideally lying on their side until they fully regain consciousness. Do not offer food, water, or medication until they are completely alert, as this could lead to choking or aspiration.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the seizure lasts longer than 5 to 10 minutes, or if the person experiences multiple seizures without regaining consciousness in between, it may be a medical emergency known as status epilepticus. In such cases, emergency medical assistance is required immediately to prevent potential brain damage or life-threatening complications.
Summary
In summary, the key steps during a seizure are to protect the person from injury, support their breathing, avoid physical restraint, and monitor the situation closely. Always stay with the individual until the seizure ends and they are fully recovered. If the seizure persists beyond the typical duration, seek professional medical help without delay.