How to Alleviate Seizures During an Epileptic Episode

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. When a seizure occurs, it is crucial to understand how to respond effectively to reduce its impact and ensure the safety of the individual experiencing the episode. Managing seizures involves a combination of immediate care and long-term treatment strategies tailored to the patient's specific condition.

Immediate Care During a Seizure

If someone is having a seizure, the first step is to stay calm and ensure their safety. Move any nearby objects out of the way to prevent injury. Do not attempt to restrain the person or put anything in their mouth. Instead, gently turn them onto their side to help keep the airway clear. Stay with the person until the seizure ends and monitor their breathing. If the seizure lasts longer than five minutes or the person is injured, call for emergency medical help immediately.

Long-Term Treatment Options

1. Lifestyle and Trigger Management

One of the most effective ways to reduce seizure frequency is to avoid known triggers. These may include lack of sleep, excessive stress, alcohol consumption, or skipping medication. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, managing stress through relaxation techniques, and staying hydrated can significantly improve seizure control.

2. Anti-Seizure Medications

Medication is often the first line of treatment for epilepsy. Around 70% of patients achieve good seizure control with the use of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and not stop taking the medication without consulting a doctor, as this can lead to increased seizure activity.

3. Surgical Intervention

For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, surgery may be a viable option. This involves identifying and removing the area of the brain responsible for triggering seizures. Candidates for surgery must undergo a thorough evaluation by a specialist to determine if this approach is suitable.

4. Neurostimulation Therapies

Advancements in medical technology have introduced new treatment methods such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). These procedures involve implanting devices that help regulate abnormal brain activity. Minimally invasive techniques like laser ablation are also gaining popularity due to their effectiveness and shorter recovery times.

5. Dietary Therapies

Dietary approaches, such as the ketogenic diet, have shown promising results in reducing seizure frequency—especially in children. This high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet helps the body produce ketones, which can have a calming effect on brain activity. It is typically used alongside medication and should be monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure nutritional balance.

Consulting a Specialist

Whether it's choosing the right medication, exploring surgical options, or adopting a dietary plan, it is crucial to work with a certified epilepsy specialist. These professionals have the expertise to evaluate your condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan based on your individual needs. Visiting a dedicated epilepsy center can provide access to comprehensive care and advanced treatment options that can significantly improve quality of life.