Acquired Epileptic Aphasia in Children: Understanding the Syndrome

Acquired epileptic aphasia, also known as Landau-Kleffner syndrome, is a rare neurological disorder that affects children, typically between the ages of 3 and 7. It is characterized by the sudden or gradual loss of language skills in a child who previously had normal speech and comprehension abilities. This condition is closely associated with epilepsy, although not all children experience visible seizures.

Key Features of the Syndrome

1. Language Regression: One of the primary signs is the loss of previously acquired language skills. Children may stop speaking altogether or become unable to understand spoken language, even though their hearing is normal. This regression can be alarming for parents and caregivers.

2. Epileptic Activity: Epileptic seizures may occur before, after, or at the same time as the language difficulties appear. Some children exhibit classic seizure symptoms, while others may have subtle or even unnoticed episodes, especially during sleep.

The Role of EEG in Diagnosis

Brainwave testing using electroencephalography (EEG) plays a crucial role in diagnosing acquired epileptic aphasia. Approximately 70% of affected children have a history of recognizable seizures, while the remaining 30% may not show obvious seizure activity. However, all diagnosed cases show abnormal brainwave patterns, particularly during sleep. These abnormalities are essential for confirming the condition, even in the absence of visible seizures.

In summary, acquired epileptic aphasia is a complex and rare disorder that involves both language impairment and epileptic brain activity. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for improving outcomes and helping children regain their communication skills.