Liver Failure Symptoms: What You Need to Know

Liver failure is a serious medical condition that occurs when the liver is unable to perform its essential functions. These include removing toxins and bilirubin from the blood, producing clotting factors, and synthesizing important proteins like albumin. When liver function deteriorates significantly, a range of severe symptoms can develop. Below are the most common signs associated with liver failure.

Jaundice is one of the most visible symptoms of liver failure. In healthy individuals, the skin and whites of the eyes appear clear and white. However, in cases of liver failure, bilirubin builds up in the bloodstream, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes. This discoloration is often one of the first noticeable signs of liver dysfunction.

Impaired blood clotting is another critical issue linked to liver failure. The liver plays a vital role in producing proteins necessary for proper blood coagulation. When liver function declines, the body may struggle to stop bleeding, leading to easy bruising or even spontaneous internal bleeding, including potentially dangerous bleeding in the brain.

Low albumin levels contribute to fluid retention and swelling. Albumin helps maintain the balance of fluids in the bloodstream. With liver failure, albumin production drops, which can result in fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity (ascites) and swelling in the legs and other tissues—known as edema.

Hepatic encephalopathy can occur in advanced liver disease. As the liver fails to remove harmful substances like ammonia from the blood, these toxins can reach the brain, causing hepatic encephalopathy. Early symptoms may include confusion and altered mental status, which can progress to coma if left untreated.

Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking prompt medical attention is crucial for managing liver failure and improving outcomes. If you or someone you know experiences any of these signs, consult a healthcare professional immediately.