Epileptic Seizure First Aid: What You Should Know

Epileptic seizures often resolve on their own within a few minutes, but knowing how to respond appropriately can make a significant difference in ensuring the person's safety and well-being. If you encounter someone experiencing a seizure, it's important to remain calm and follow these practical steps.

Ensure Airway Safety and Proper Positioning

One of the most critical actions during a seizure is to help the person maintain an open airway. Gently place them on their side or support their head to keep the airway clear, especially if they are unconscious. This position helps prevent choking and facilitates easier breathing. Avoid placing anything in the person's mouth, including fingers or objects, as this could cause injury or block the airway. Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary to press on the "renzhong" point (between the nose and upper lip), as this has no proven effect in stopping a seizure.

Protect the Person From Injury

During a seizure, people may experience rigidity and uncontrollable shaking. Do not attempt to restrain their limbs or movements, as this can lead to fractures or muscle damage. Instead, clear the surrounding area of hard or sharp objects and cushion their head if possible. Stay with the person until the seizure subsides to ensure they do not harm themselves during or after the episode.

When to Seek Medical Help

If the seizure lasts more than five minutes or if the person experiences repeated seizures without regaining consciousness in between, this is considered a medical emergency known as status epilepticus. In such cases, immediate medical intervention is essential to prevent potential brain damage or life-threatening complications. Emergency responders may administer intravenous benzodiazepines, such as diazepam or lorazepam, which are the most commonly used medications to stop prolonged seizures. More severe cases may require continuous monitoring and the use of multiple anti-seizure medications in a hospital setting.

After the Seizure: What to Do Next

Following a seizure, the person may feel confused, tired, or disoriented. Allow them to rest and recover in a safe, quiet environment. If it's the person's first seizure or if the episode lasted longer than usual, it is strongly recommended to seek medical evaluation as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can determine the cause of the seizure and whether further treatment or diagnostic tests are needed.

Remaining calm and knowing the correct first aid steps can significantly improve the outcome for someone experiencing an epileptic seizure. Prioritize airway protection, avoid unnecessary restraint, and monitor the duration of the seizure. Prompt medical attention is crucial in cases of prolonged or repeated seizures to prevent complications and ensure long-term health.