Epilepsy: Which Medical Specialty To Consult

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of epilepsy, it's essential to visit a neurology department for proper diagnosis and treatment. Epilepsy is generally categorized into two types: primary (idiopathic) and secondary (symptomatic). In some cases of primary epilepsy, standard diagnostic tests may not reveal any abnormalities, making it more challenging to detect without advanced evaluation.

Diagnostic Procedures for Epilepsy

One of the most common diagnostic tools used in neurology is the electroencephalogram (EEG), which records the electrical activity of the brain. Doctors look for specific patterns such as high-amplitude spikes or sharp waves—common indicators of epileptic activity. In addition to EEG, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is often performed. This helps specialists differentiate between primary and secondary epilepsy by identifying any structural abnormalities in the brain that could be causing seizures.

Limitations of Epilepsy Diagnostics

Despite the use of advanced technology like EEG and MRI, approximately 20% of epilepsy cases may not be detected through these tests. This is because abnormal electrical discharges in the brain can sometimes be intermittent or subtle, making them difficult to capture with standard equipment. However, ongoing monitoring and repeated testing may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis.

Treatment Options and Management

Once diagnosed, epilepsy is typically managed within the field of neurology. If a patient experiences more than three seizures within a year, doctors usually recommend starting antiepileptic medication. Treatment often involves taking medication daily for at least three years or longer, depending on the individual's response and seizure control.

Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment. One important aspect of this is checking the blood levels of the prescribed medication. Blood concentration tests help ensure that the dosage is within the therapeutic range—neither too low to be effective nor too high to cause side effects. Based on these results, doctors can make timely adjustments to optimize seizure control and improve quality of life.