Brain Stroke: Causes and Common Symptoms

Brain stroke, or cerebral infarction, is primarily caused by atherosclerosis in the large arteries inside the skull and neck. The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process, often linked to repeated mechanical or toxic damage to the inner lining of arteries. This kind of damage significantly increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Other contributing factors include hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid levels, all of which play a crucial role in the progression of arterial hardening.

Who Is More Likely to Experience a Brain Stroke?

Brain stroke is more commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly individuals. As the body ages, the arteries tend to lose elasticity and become more prone to blockages. Additionally, older adults are more likely to suffer from underlying health conditions such as high blood pressure and metabolic disorders, which further elevate the risk of stroke.

Key Symptoms of Cerebral Infarction

The clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction largely depend on the size and location of the affected brain tissue. The most common signs include focal neurological deficits, such as hemiplegia (paralysis on one side of the body), sensory disturbances, speech difficulties (aphasia), and impaired coordination (ataxia).

Common Neurological Deficits

Hemiparesis: Weakness or complete loss of muscle control on one side of the body is a classic symptom of stroke. It often affects the face, arm, and leg simultaneously.

Sensory Impairment: Patients may experience numbness or a tingling sensation on one side of the body, indicating damage to the sensory pathways in the brain.

Speech and Language Issues: Depending on the area of the brain affected, individuals may struggle with speaking, understanding language, or both. This condition, known as aphasia, can significantly impact communication abilities.

Potential Whole-Brain Symptoms

In some cases, patients may also experience generalized symptoms such as headache, confusion, or even coma. While most stroke patients remain conscious, those suffering from basilar artery occlusion or extensive brain infarction may develop severe complications, including impaired consciousness and brain herniation, which can be life-threatening.

Recognizing the early signs of a brain stroke is crucial for timely medical intervention. If you or someone around you displays any of these symptoms, it's essential to seek immediate medical attention to minimize brain damage and improve recovery outcomes.