Can Hepatitis B Virus Lead to Cirrhosis?

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis, particularly in China. In the past, the rate of HBV infection in China was as high as 10%, meaning that one out of every ten people was a carrier of the virus. Due to the large population base, the number of cirrhosis cases caused by hepatitis B has been significantly high. Most major liver disease centers and hospitals in China report HBV as the primary cause of cirrhosis.

Over time, chronic HBV infection can lead to progressive liver damage, including fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. The virus triggers long-term inflammation in the liver, which over years can result in scarring and impaired liver function. This progression is often silent, with symptoms appearing only at advanced stages.

In the current medical landscape, 80% to 90% of liver transplant patients receive surgery due to complications from HBV-related cirrhosis or liver cancer. These statistics highlight the serious consequences of untreated hepatitis B and emphasize the importance of early detection and management.

Preventing HBV infection remains the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of cirrhosis. This includes vaccination programs, regular screening, and antiviral treatment for those already infected. Public health initiatives aimed at controlling the spread of hepatitis B play a crucial role in reducing the burden of liver disease.