Acute Cerebral Infarction Care: Essential Practices for Effective Recovery

Proper care during the acute phase of cerebral infarction plays a crucial role in supporting recovery and preventing further complications. This includes a comprehensive approach involving dietary adjustments, feeding techniques, hygiene maintenance, and physical rehabilitation tailored to the patient's specific condition.

Nutritional Support Through Targeted Dietary Management

One of the foundational aspects of acute cerebral infarction care is dietary modification. A low-salt and low-fat diet is highly recommended to address the underlying causes of the condition. Additionally, each patient's swallowing ability must be carefully assessed to determine the safest and most effective food texture—whether liquid, semi-liquid, or solid. This personalized approach helps prevent choking and supports optimal nutrient intake.

Safe Feeding Practices for Patients With Swallowing Difficulties

For patients experiencing significant swallowing challenges, special attention must be given during feeding. If a patient coughs after each sip of water or requires multiple attempts to consume 30 mL of water, it indicates severe dysphagia. In such cases, healthcare providers should consider introducing enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube to ensure adequate caloric intake while minimizing the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

Maintaining Hygiene to Prevent Secondary Infections

Patients who remain bedridden due to cerebral infarction require consistent and thorough hygiene care. Frequent changes of absorbent pads are essential to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections and perianal irritation. Additionally, caregivers should assist with regular repositioning and back tapping to prevent pressure ulcers and promote lung secretion clearance, thereby reducing the likelihood of developing ventilator-associated or postural pneumonia.

Rehabilitation Through Targeted Physical and Cognitive Exercises

Recovery can be significantly enhanced through early and consistent functional training. For patients experiencing speech difficulties but retaining normal limb function, repetitive vocal exercises are encouraged to improve communication abilities. Meanwhile, those with impaired fine motor skills benefit from specific hand exercises such as picking up small objects, assembling building blocks, or manipulating a Rubik's cube. These activities not only stimulate neural pathways but also enhance dexterity and coordination, contributing to a more complete recovery.