Understanding Interventional Therapy for Cerebral Infarction

Cerebral infarction, commonly referred to as ischemic stroke, occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, leading to tissue damage. One of the modern approaches to treating this condition is interventional therapy, a minimally invasive procedure that typically begins with a puncture in the femoral artery. Through this method, doctors insert wires and catheters directly into the affected blood vessels. Depending on the patient's condition and the physician's recommendation, medication therapy or stent placement may be performed to restore blood flow and improve outcomes.

Interventional Treatments During the Acute Phase

During the acute phase of a stroke—especially when a major intracranial or extracranial artery suddenly becomes blocked—prompt treatment is crucial. Physicians may recommend arterial thrombolysis, stent retriever thrombectomy, or balloon angioplasty as part of emergency intervention. These procedures have shown success in achieving vessel recanalization in approximately 80% to 90% of cases. Most of these procedures require general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and procedural precision.

Stabilization and Treatment in the Chronic Phase

In the stable phase of cerebral infarction, especially when there is significant stenosis in either intracranial or extracranial arteries, vascular stenting may be advised. Commonly treated arteries include the subclavian artery, internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, and basilar artery. Extracranial stenting is often performed under local anesthesia, while intracranial procedures typically require general anesthesia for safety and accuracy.

Potential Risks and Complications

While interventional therapy is generally safe, it's important to be aware of potential complications. About 1% to 3% of patients may experience adverse effects, often linked to underlying conditions such as hypertension or atherosclerosis. Symptoms may include weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty speaking, or trouble swallowing. Close monitoring and timely management are essential to minimize these risks.

Complementary Therapies and Ongoing Care

Besides interventional procedures, patients may benefit from a comprehensive treatment plan that includes thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, and medications to reduce intracranial pressure. Additional options such as acupuncture or carotid endarterectomy may also be considered. Regular follow-up with a neurologist is crucial, including blood tests to assess liver and kidney function, as well as overall recovery progress.

Lifestyle Adjustments for Better Recovery

Adopting a healthy lifestyle plays a vital role in stroke recovery and prevention of recurrence. A low-salt, low-fat diet is recommended to support cardiovascular health. Patients should aim for sufficient sleep, maintain emotional stability, and avoid exposure to cold or windy conditions that may affect the head and neck. Keeping the living environment quiet and clean can also contribute to a more comfortable and restful recovery.