Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercises After Cerebral Infarction

One of the most common symptoms following a cerebral infarction is hemiplegia, particularly affecting the lower limbs. This condition often results in the inability to move the leg or foot, lift the knee joint, or walk properly. In such cases, lower limb rehabilitation becomes essential to restore mobility and function. The following are effective rehabilitation strategies tailored for post-stroke patients.

Passive Movement Therapy

Passive exercises are crucial for patients who are unable to perform active movements like lifting the leg, extending the ankle, or performing abduction and extension of the thigh. These exercises help maintain joint flexibility and prevent muscle stiffness. Techniques such as stretching the hamstring muscles and Achilles tendon can be used to relieve muscle tightness and contractures. A physical therapist or caregiver can gently manipulate the limbs to improve range of motion and stimulate neuromuscular connections.

Active Exercise Progression

As the patient begins to regain some motor control, active exercises can be introduced. Initially, these may include simple movements on a flat surface or in bed, such as leg adduction and abduction. Patients can place their heels on the bed and perform leg flexion and extension exercises independently. These movements help strengthen muscles and improve coordination.

Weight-Bearing and Standing Exercises

Once there is noticeable improvement in strength and stability, patients can progress to weight-bearing activities. This may start with assisted standing, such as holding onto the bed or a wall for support. As balance improves, patients can attempt single-leg standing by lifting the unaffected leg while maintaining stability. This step is crucial for rebuilding confidence and preparing for walking.

Walking Re-training

The final phase of rehabilitation focuses on walking training. Initially, patients should walk slowly with assistance, such as a walker or support from a therapist. Gradually, they can transition to independent walking. Consistent practice, proper posture, and gait training are vital to ensure a safe and effective return to mobility.