Trigeminal Neuralgia: How to Recognize the Primary Type?

Trigeminal neuralgia is categorized into two types: primary and secondary. Formerly known as "face pain," this condition is relatively common, particularly among middle-aged and elderly individuals over the age of 40. Primary trigeminal neuralgia occurs more frequently than the secondary form, and understanding its symptoms is crucial for early identification.

Key Characteristics of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia

One of the defining traits of primary trigeminal neuralgia is its sudden onset without any prior warning. The pain is typically short-lived, lasting only a few seconds to minutes, and episodes are interspersed with periods where the patient feels completely normal. However, as time progresses, attacks tend to become more frequent and the duration of pain often lengthens. Spontaneous recovery is rare.

Understanding the Nature of the Pain

The pain associated with primary trigeminal neuralgia is often described as sharp, stabbing, electric shock-like, burning, or tearing. Patients commonly liken it to being cut by a knife or experiencing a jolt of electricity. These intense episodes can be triggered by everyday activities such as speaking, washing the face, eating, brushing teeth, exposure to cold, or even emotional fluctuations. In some cases, these attacks may be accompanied by symptoms like facial flushing, tearing, drooling, or a runny nose.

What Are Trigger Points?

Many sufferers report having specific "trigger points" or "trigger zones" on their face. These are areas of heightened sensitivity located within the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Even light touch or minimal stimulation in these zones—such as around the lips, nose, gums, or tongue—can provoke a painful episode. Identifying and avoiding these trigger points is often a key part of managing the condition.