How To Determine If You Have Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition that affects the face and is often mistaken for other ailments, especially toothaches. Because of its similarity to other types of facial pain, misdiagnosis is common. However, there are several key indicators that can help you identify whether you may be suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.

1. Location Of The Pain

The pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia is typically confined to one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, which covers areas of the face including the jaw, cheek, and forehead, as well as the front wall of the ear canal and inside the mouth. The right side of the face is more commonly affected, accounting for about 60% of cases, while bilateral pain occurs in approximately 8%. The third branch of the nerve is most frequently involved, affecting about 40% of patients, while the second and third branches are often affected simultaneously in around 50% of cases. The first branch is the least commonly affected, seen in only about 5% of cases.

2. Intensity Of The Pain

The pain experienced in trigeminal neuralgia is often described as extremely intense. During an attack, individuals may display visible signs of distress, such as rubbing their face vigorously, which can lead to swelling, skin damage, and even loss of eyebrows or facial hair. Some patients may cry out in agony, bang their heads against walls, or roll on the ground. Others may remain completely still, afraid to move, while a few may find relief by lying down.

3. Sudden Onset And Duration

One of the hallmark characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia is the abrupt onset of pain. There is often no warning before an attack begins, and the pain can stop just as suddenly as it started. These episodes can last from a few seconds to one or two minutes. Over time, attacks may become more frequent. Between episodes, most patients experience no pain and function normally.

4. Nature Of The Pain

The sensation of trigeminal neuralgia pain varies but is typically described as sharp, stabbing, or electric-like. Patients often report feeling pain that is tearing, burning, cutting, or like being pricked by a needle. This type of pain can be so severe that it significantly impacts a person's quality of life.

5. Diagnostic Procedures

To rule out other conditions such as dental pain, a visit to the dentist for a comprehensive oral examination and X-rays is essential. These tests can help identify issues like cavities or problems with dentures that may mimic the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, as dental pain and trigeminal neuralgia can present with similar symptoms.