Trigeminal Neuralgia – Understanding the "Suicidal Disease" in 30 Seconds

Trigeminal neuralgia is often referred to as the "suicidal disease" due to the intensity of the pain it causes. It primarily affects middle-aged and older adults. The pain comes on suddenly and is often described as sharp, stabbing, or burning. It typically starts at one point on the face and radiates to other areas, usually affecting just one side of the face, though in rare cases both sides may be involved.

What Triggers the Pain?

Episodes of pain can last just a few seconds or extend to a couple of minutes. Daily activities such as chewing, brushing teeth, washing the face, or even speaking can act as triggers. Other common triggers include light touch, facial movement, sneezing, crying, turning the head, drinking, exposure to wind, or even a simple jaw movement that causes sound. These triggers make the condition particularly challenging for those who suffer from it, as even the most basic actions can cause severe discomfort.

Effective Treatment: Microvascular Decompression Surgery

How Does the Procedure Work?

One of the most effective and widely used treatments for trigeminal neuralgia is microvascular decompression (MVD). This surgical procedure aims to relieve pressure on the trigeminal nerve by separating it from the blood vessels that are compressing it. Under general anesthesia, a small incision is made behind the ear on the affected side, and a small opening is created in the skull to access the area where the trigeminal nerve runs.

Using a microscope, the surgeon carefully examines the nerve and identifies any blood vessels or fibrous bands that may be causing compression. These structures are then gently moved away from the nerve root and separated using a small Teflon pad or similar material. This step is crucial, as it eliminates the source of irritation, allowing the nerve to return to its normal function.

Benefits and Outcomes of MVD Surgery

For the majority of patients, pain relief is immediate following the procedure. The surgery successfully preserves facial sensation and function, ensuring that quality of life remains unaffected. Since the procedure does not involve cutting or damaging the nerve or surrounding brain tissue, it is considered a safe and long-term solution for those suffering from this debilitating condition. It has gained widespread acceptance among patients and medical professionals alike due to its high success rate and minimal risk profile.