Trigeminal Neuralgia: More Than Just a Toothache

Trigeminal neuralgia is often mistaken for a simple toothache, but it is much more complex. While tooth pain is a common symptom, it is usually accompanied by other signs that extend beyond the mouth. Many patients initially believe they have a dental issue, especially when the pain affects the upper or lower jaw. In some cases, individuals have even had all their teeth removed, only to find that the pain persists. This is when it becomes crucial to consult with a pain management specialist.

Understanding the Differences Between Dental Pain and Trigeminal Neuralgia

Unlike typical dental pain, which is usually caused by specific oral problems such as cavities or gum disease, trigeminal neuralgia involves the trigeminal nerve — the fifth cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation. This condition can cause sharp, shooting pains across various areas of the face, including the jaw, nose, cheeks, and even the eyelids. The pain can be triggered by simple actions like brushing your teeth, eating, or touching the face.

Three Main Types of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Type 1 – Ophthalmic Branch: This type affects the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, causing pain around the eye, including the eyelid and cornea. Patients may experience discomfort that radiates from the eye to other parts of the face.

Type 2 – Maxillary Branch: The maxillary nerve is responsible for sensation in the upper jaw. Pain in this area often extends to the upper and lower gums, upper teeth, and the maxillary sinus region. It can be easily confused with a dental infection or abscess.

Type 3 – Mandibular Branch: This branch controls sensation in the lower jaw and can cause pain in the lower teeth and gums. It is often accompanied by discomfort in the front two-thirds of the tongue, making chewing or speaking painful for some patients.

Seeking the Right Diagnosis and Treatment

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Because the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia can mimic dental problems, many patients undergo unnecessary dental procedures before discovering the true cause of their pain. If you experience recurring or unexplained facial pain that doesn't respond to standard dental care, it may be time to consider a neurological evaluation.