Acute Phase Treatment Options for Cerebral Thrombosis

Timely Interventions: Intravenous Thrombolysis

When patients arrive at a medical facility within 4.5 hours of experiencing symptoms, intravenous thrombolysis is considered the gold standard treatment. This procedure involves administering clot-dissolving medication, such as alteplase, to restore blood flow and reduce the severity of neurological deficits. Clinical studies have shown that timely administration of thrombolytic therapy significantly improves functional recovery and reduces long-term disability.

Endovascular Therapy for Extended Time Windows

For patients who arrive beyond the 4.5-hour window but within 24 hours, endovascular thrombectomy may be a viable option. This minimally invasive procedure involves removing the clot directly from the affected artery using specialized devices. Eligibility for thrombectomy depends on several factors, including imaging results and the patient's overall condition. Research has demonstrated that selected patients can benefit greatly from this intervention, even when treated several hours after symptom onset.

Comprehensive Medical Management

Beyond clot removal strategies, effective acute phase management includes a range of pharmacological therapies. Antiplatelet agents such as aspirin and clopidogrel are commonly prescribed to prevent further clot formation. In some cases, dual antiplatelet therapy may be used for a short period to enhance protection against early recurrence.

Cholesterol-Lowering and Blood Pressure Control

Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with statins plays a key role in secondary stroke prevention. These medications not only reduce cholesterol levels but also stabilize arterial plaques and reduce inflammation. Equally important is blood pressure management. Once the patient's condition stabilizes, antihypertensive medications are typically introduced to maintain optimal blood pressure levels and reduce the risk of future vascular events.

Rehabilitation and Recovery

After the acute phase, a structured rehabilitation program is essential to help patients regain independence and improve quality of life. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy are often integrated into the recovery plan based on individual needs. A multidisciplinary approach combining timely interventions and comprehensive secondary prevention strategies—antiplatelet therapy, lipid-lowering treatment, and blood pressure control—is vital for achieving the best possible outcomes in cerebral thrombosis management.