Swelling Feet In Stroke Patients

Swelling in the feet of stroke patients typically occurs on the side of the body affected by paralysis. The most common cause of this swelling is the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. This condition often presents with noticeable swelling, red or purple skin discoloration, and increased skin temperature in the affected limb. A Doppler ultrasound of the leg veins can confirm the presence of DVT or muscle vein thrombosis. If a clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, it can cause a life-threatening pulmonary embolism, making this a serious and potentially fatal complication.

Recommended Treatment Approaches

As part of the management strategy, patients should have their legs elevated to promote venous return. In the absence of contraindications, subcutaneous administration of low-molecular-weight heparin at 4,000 units twice daily is commonly prescribed. Prompt consultation with a vascular surgeon is essential to evaluate whether placement of an inferior vena cava filter is appropriate for preventing clot migration to the lungs.

Alternative Causes Of Foot Swelling

Role of Hypoproteinemia

Another significant cause of foot swelling in stroke patients is hypoalbuminemia, often seen in individuals with poor nutritional status. This type of swelling typically affects both legs simultaneously and presents with pitting edema where the skin appears slightly pale. Unlike DVT-related swelling, this condition requires protein supplementation as part of the treatment plan.

Nutritional Intervention Strategies

Patient nutrition should be optimized through oral protein supplements or intravenous albumin administration when clinically indicated. Dietary modifications should include increased consumption of high-protein foods such as milk, eggs, and lean meats. Implementing these nutritional interventions can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce complications associated with fluid retention.