High Blood Sugar Symptoms and What You Need to Know

Consistently elevated blood sugar levels can lead to a diabetes diagnosis. When this occurs, the symptoms experienced by individuals are directly related to hyperglycemia. In diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it produces, leading to an inability to process glucose properly. As a result, excess glucose is excreted through urine.

Common Signs of High Blood Sugar

One of the primary effects of untreated high blood sugar is osmotic diuresis — a condition where the kidneys excrete excess glucose through urine. This leads to increased urination and frequent trips to the bathroom. As a consequence, individuals often feel unusually thirsty and consume more fluids to compensate for fluid loss.

Increased Hunger and Unexplained Weight Loss

Because the body cannot properly metabolize glucose for energy, people with high blood sugar often feel excessively hungry. Despite eating more than usual, many experience unexplained weight loss. This occurs due to disruptions in both carbohydrate and protein metabolism, causing the body to break down muscle and fat for energy.

The Classic "Three More and One Less" Symptoms

Typical diabetes symptoms are often referred to as the "three more and one less" pattern: increased thirst, frequent urination, excessive eating, and unexplained weight loss. These warning signs should not be ignored, as they may indicate developing diabetes.

Diagnosis Criteria for Diabetes

Diabetes can be diagnosed when fasting blood glucose levels exceed 7.0 mmol/L or when blood sugar remains at or above 11.1 mmol/L two hours after eating. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing the condition effectively.

Atypical Presentation of Diabetes

Not all patients initially present with the classic symptoms. Some individuals may first notice recurring skin infections, pneumonia, or urinary tract infections. These unusual manifestations should prompt healthcare professionals to consider diabetes as an underlying cause.

Managing Diabetes Effectively

Once diagnosed, it's essential to follow the five fundamental principles of diabetes management. This includes lifestyle modifications, proper nutrition, regular physical activity, medication when necessary, and consistent blood sugar monitoring. Early and comprehensive management helps prevent complications and improves quality of life.