Pregnancy and High Blood Sugar: Symptoms, Risks, and Management

Most women with high blood sugar during pregnancy do not experience noticeable symptoms. In fact, unless the condition is severe—such as uncontrolled type 1 diabetes or poorly managed type 2 diabetes—it often goes undetected. In more extreme cases, symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss may occur.

Why Early Detection is Crucial

Because high blood sugar during pregnancy—also known as gestational diabetes—typically shows no signs, it is recommended that all expectant mothers undergo a glucose screening test between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy. Early detection is essential to prevent complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, miscarriage, or premature birth.

Risks to the Baby

If left untreated, high maternal blood sugar levels can also negatively affect the baby. Potential risks include preterm delivery, neonatal hypoglycemia (low blood sugar in the newborn), and respiratory issues in the infant after birth. These complications highlight the importance of monitoring and managing blood sugar levels throughout pregnancy.

Managing Gestational Diabetes

Treating gestational diabetes usually involves a collaborative approach. An endocrinologist, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, and a registered dietitian will work together to create a personalized treatment plan. This often includes dietary changes, regular physical activity, and close monitoring of blood glucose levels.

When Insulin is Needed

In cases where lifestyle modifications are not enough to control blood sugar levels, insulin therapy may be introduced. Insulin is a safe and effective treatment option during pregnancy and is often recommended when target glucose levels are not met through diet and exercise alone.

A Team-Based Approach for a Healthier Pregnancy

Throughout the pregnancy, a multidisciplinary medical team will continue to support and monitor the mother's health. With proper care and management, most women with gestational diabetes can go on to have a healthy pregnancy and deliver a healthy baby.

By staying informed and proactive about blood sugar management, expectant mothers can significantly reduce the risks associated with high blood sugar and ensure the best possible outcomes for both themselves and their babies.