Alcoholic Cirrhosis Symptoms and Stages Explained
Alcoholic cirrhosis shares the same core symptoms as general cirrhosis, primarily centered around portal hypertension. This occurs because blood from the spleen and the digestive tract must pass through the portal vein to reach the liver. When cirrhosis develops, the liver shrinks and the pressure within the portal vein increases, causing blood to back up in various organs. This buildup often leads to an enlarged spleen and a cascade of other complications.
Cirrhosis is typically categorized into two major stages: compensated and decompensated. Each stage presents with different symptoms and medical implications.
In the compensated stage, patients may have cirrhosis but still maintain relatively normal liver function. During this phase, complications such as ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen) are minimal or absent. The spleen may be slightly enlarged, but platelet counts and clotting functions usually remain within normal ranges. Gastrointestinal bleeding is also less common at this stage.
The decompensated stage marks a significant decline in liver function. At this point, blood flow to the liver is severely restricted, leading to increased pressure and further spleen enlargement. As the spleen becomes overactive, it begins to destroy not only old red blood cells but also healthy ones, leading to a drop in normal blood cell levels. This can result in serious complications like gastrointestinal bleeding, which often requires surgical intervention.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing alcoholic cirrhosis. Lifestyle changes, medical therapy, and in some cases, surgical procedures, can help slow disease progression and improve quality of life. Patients experiencing any signs of liver dysfunction should seek medical advice promptly.