Glucagon: Understanding Its Role in Blood Sugar Regulation

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, and its primary function is to increase blood glucose levels. In clinical settings, more attention is often given to the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin secretion. Glucagon and insulin work together to maintain a balanced state in the body's glucose regulation.

How Glucagon and Insulin Work Together

While insulin is known for lowering blood sugar levels, glucagon acts as a counter-regulatory hormone by raising them. This dynamic balance ensures that blood glucose remains within a healthy range. When insulin levels rise, glucagon levels also adjust accordingly to help maintain stability.

Maintaining Blood Sugar Within Normal Ranges

For instance, during fasting, blood glucose typically fluctuates around 3–6 mmol/L, and after meals, it stays within 4–8 mmol/L. This balance prevents extreme highs or lows in blood sugar, which could otherwise lead to harmful effects on various tissues and organs in the body.

By understanding the role of glucagon, we gain a more complete picture of how the body manages energy and maintains metabolic health. Proper regulation of these hormones is essential for overall well-being and the prevention of conditions like diabetes.