Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis: Understanding The Criteria And Methods

Liver cirrhosis is diagnosed based on the presence of abnormal liver function and portal hypertension, typically developing on the background of various chronic liver diseases. When the liver suffers severe damage due to different types of hepatitis, it leads to structural changes where normal liver tissue is replaced by regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous tissue—known as pseudolobules. Clinically, portal hypertension becomes a key indicator, often manifesting in complications such as ascites and varicose veins.

One of the most notable signs includes esophagogastric varices, which are enlarged veins in the lower esophagus and upper stomach caused by increased pressure in the portal venous system. In addition, patients may develop abdominal wall vein dilation or hemorrhoidal varices, further supporting the diagnosis of advanced liver disease.

It's important to note that some patients may still be in the compensated stage of cirrhosis, where symptoms like ascites have not yet appeared. In these early stages, diagnosing cirrhosis can be more challenging. Physicians often rely on a combination of clinical history, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Gastroscopy plays a crucial role in identifying early signs of portal hypertension through the detection of esophageal or gastric varices. Moreover, non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT scans provide valuable insights into liver texture and structure, helping confirm the diagnosis and assess disease progression. These tools are essential for early detection and management of liver cirrhosis, improving long-term outcomes for patients.