Understanding Early Signs of High Blood Sugar

High blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, often does not present with clear early symptoms. However, some individuals may experience increased thirst, frequent urination, excessive hunger, and unexplained weight loss. These symptoms are not common in every case and tend to appear only when blood sugar levels are significantly elevated. In addition, some people may feel unusually tired or sluggish, with a noticeable drop in energy and physical stamina.

Subtle Indicators of Elevated Blood Sugar

One less obvious sign of early hyperglycemia is the occurrence of low blood sugar before meals, known as pre-meal hypoglycemia. This can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, sudden hunger, and weakness, which typically subside after eating. Another red flag is recurring urinary tract infections or slow-healing wounds, which may indicate that the body is struggling to regulate blood glucose levels effectively.

When Symptoms Are Absent

It's important to note that many individuals with high blood sugar experience no symptoms at all. In such cases, elevated glucose levels are often discovered during routine medical checkups or blood tests conducted for unrelated health concerns. This underscores the importance of regular health screenings, especially for those at higher risk of developing diabetes.

Diagnosing High Blood Sugar

The normal range for fasting blood glucose is typically below 6.1 mmol/L. If levels reach or exceed this threshold, or if post-meal blood sugar readings are 7.8 mmol/L or higher after two hours, a healthcare provider may suspect hyperglycemia. Mild cases often go unnoticed, making biochemical testing and oral glucose tolerance tests essential for accurate diagnosis.

To determine whether someone has prediabetes or full-blown diabetes, doctors consider a combination of factors, including fasting blood sugar, postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels, results from glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) measurements. A comprehensive evaluation of these markers helps ensure a precise diagnosis and allows for timely intervention.